🇷🇴 Romania
Europe & Central Asia · ISORA participant · ITTI survey participant
Romania has implemented statutory controlled foreign company rules, interest limitation rules, and country-by-country reporting requirements. The country's tax revenue amounted to 16.2% of GDP in 2024, based on central government figures. The jurisdiction does not utilize AI or machine-learning risk scoring, nor does it employ automated bulk data matching.Auto-generated summary of the verified data below; every fact traces to a source on this page.
16.2%
tax-to-GDP, central govt only (2024, World Bank)
9/11
enforcement powers assessed
Headline statutory rates
As stated in PwC Worldwide Tax Summaries’ territory overview (fetched 2026-08-20) — the wording is PwC’s; source.
| Tax | Headline rate as stated |
|---|---|
| Headline PIT rate | 10 |
| Headline CIT rate | 16 |
| Standard VAT rate | 21 |
| Headline individual capital gains tax rate | Capital gains are subject to the normal PIT rate. There are also exceptions from the standard rule. |
| Headline corporate capital gains tax rate | Capital gains are subject to the normal CIT rate. |
| WHT rates (%) (Dividends/Interest/Royalties) | Resident: 16*/ NA / NA; Non-resident: 16*/ 16 / 16 (the rates can be reduced by applying the Parent-Subsidiary Directive, the Interest-Royalties Directive, or a DTT) *WHT rate on dividends may be reduced to 0% in case the beneficiary company held at least 10% of the shares in the company distributing the dividends for at least one year. |
| Headline net wealth/worth tax rate | NA |
| Headline inheritance tax rate | NA |
| Headline gift tax rate | NA NA stands for Not Applicable (i.e. the territory does not have the indicated tax or requirement) NP stands for Not Provided (i.e. the information is not currently provided in this chart) |
Enforcement powers
AI & machine-learning risk scoring No — power absent
Self-reported in the OECD Inventory of Tax Technology Initiatives (2024 Global Survey on Digitalisation).
“Survey question "Administration uses artificial intelligence" — answer: No”
Source: OECD Inventory of Tax Technology InitiativesOECD / IMF survey data · derived from the administration’s own survey answer
Automated bulk data matching No — power absent
Self-reported to ISORA (International Survey on Revenue Administration), FY2022.
“ISORA indicator "Administration undertakes fully automated compliance checks based on data matching/analysis" — value: No”
Source: IMF ISORA — International Survey on Revenue AdministrationOECD / IMF survey data · derived from the administration’s own survey answer
Digital platform reporting Yes — statutory power
As an EU member state, bound by Council Directive (EU) 2021/514 (DAC7) to require digital platform operators to collect, verify and report sellers’ income to the tax authority, applicable from 1 January 2023. National implementing law varies; this claim records the EU-law obligation, not a particular national statute.
“Member States shall adopt and publish, by 31 December 2022, the laws, regulations and administrative provisions necessary to comply with this Directive.”
Source: Council Directive (EU) 2021/514 (DAC7) — reporting by digital platform operatorsOfficial source · quote machine-verified 2026-08-25
Crypto-asset reporting Yes — statutory power
As an EU member state, bound by Council Directive (EU) 2023/2226 (DAC8) to require crypto-asset service providers to report users and transactions to the tax authority, applicable from 1 January 2026. National implementing law varies; this claim records the EU-law obligation, not a particular national statute.
“Member States shall adopt and publish, by 31 December 2025, the laws, regulations and administrative provisions necessary to comply with this Directive.”
Source: Council Directive (EU) 2023/2226 (DAC8) — reporting by crypto-asset service providersOfficial source · quote machine-verified 2026-08-25
Citizenship-based taxation No — power absent
Romania taxes individuals by residence, not citizenship (PwC Worldwide Tax Summaries).
“Romanian nationals domiciled in Romania are considered Romanian tax residents and are taxed on their worldwide income (except for salary income received from abroad for work performed abroad, which is tax exempt) unless they prove by means of tax residence certificates that they qualify as tax residents of a country with which Romania concluded a double tax treaty (DTT).”
Source: PwC Worldwide Tax Summaries — RomaniaProfessional / legal analysis · quote machine-verified 2026-08-25
Controlled foreign company (CFC) rules Yes — statutory power
Recorded in the OECD Corporate Tax Statistics anti-avoidance rules dataset (2026).
“OECD Corporate Tax Statistics: "Is there a controlled foreign company rule in place? · Not applicable" — Yes”
Source: OECD Corporate Tax StatisticsOECD / IMF survey data · derived from the administration’s own survey answer
Interest limitation rules Yes — statutory power
Recorded in the OECD Corporate Tax Statistics anti-avoidance rules dataset (2026).
“OECD Corporate Tax Statistics: "Is there an interest limitation rule in place? · Regime 1" — Yes”
Source: OECD Corporate Tax StatisticsOECD / IMF survey data · derived from the administration’s own survey answer
Country-by-country reporting Yes — statutory power
Recorded in the OECD Corporate Tax Statistics anti-avoidance rules dataset (0).
“OECD Corporate Tax Statistics: "Is there a country-by-country reporting law in place?" — Yes”
Source: OECD Corporate Tax StatisticsOECD / IMF survey data · derived from the administration’s own survey answer
Public naming of non-compliant taxpayers No — power absent
Self-reported to ISORA (International Survey on Revenue Administration), FY2022.
“ISORA indicator "Administration is empowered to make public details of some / all taxpayers subject to administrative penalties imposed for non-disclosure" — value: No”
Source: IMF ISORA — International Survey on Revenue AdministrationOECD / IMF survey data · derived from the administration’s own survey answer
Anti-avoidance regime detail (OECD Corporate Tax Statistics)
OECD-curated descriptions of this jurisdiction’s CFC, interest-limitation, CbCR and IP-regime rules.
CFC rules — 10 data points
| Is there a controlled foreign company rule in place? · Regime 1 | Yes |
| Is there a controlled foreign company rule in place? · Not applicable | Yes |
| Controlled foreign company rule · Regime 1 | An entity shall be treated as a controlled foreign company if the following conditions are cumulatively met: a) the taxpayer, alone or together with its associated enterprises, holds a direct or indirect holding of more than 50% of the voting rights or directly or indirectly owns more than 50% of the capital of the entity or is entitled to receive more than 50% of that entity's profits; b) the… |
| Controlled foreign company rule · Not applicable | An entity shall be treated as a controlled foreign company if the following conditions are cumulatively met: a) the taxpayer, alone or together with its associated enterprises, holds a direct or indirect holding of more than 50% of the voting rights or directly or indirectly owns more than 50% of the capital of the entity or is entitled to receive more than 50% of that entity's profits; b) the… |
| Significant controlled foreign company exemption and exclusion requirements · Regime 1 | The following shall not be considered controlled foreign companies according to the provisions of the law: a) the entity or the permanent establishment, if this registers in a fiscal period incomes from the categories mentioned by the law, representing one third or less than one third of the total incomes recorded in the calculated fiscal period; b) the financial enterprise which records in a fisc… |
| Significant controlled foreign company exemption and exclusion requirements · Not applicable | The following shall not be considered controlled foreign companies if: a) the entity or the permanent establishment, if this registers in a fiscal period incomes from the categories , representing one third or less than one third of the total incomes recorded in the calculated fiscal period; b) the financial enterprise which records in a fiscal period incomes of the nature arising out of… |
| Substantial activity requirements · Regime 1 | The provisions of CFC rules shall not apply if the controlled foreign company has its fiscal residence or is located in a Member State / third country which is a party to the EEA Agreement and carries out a significant economic activity, supported by personnel, equipment, assets and spaces, as evidenced by the relevant facts and circumstances. |
| Substantial activity requirements · Not applicable | Yes |
| Year of introduction of the controlled foreign company rule · Regime 1 | 2018 |
| Year of introduction of the controlled foreign company rule · Not applicable | 2018 |
Interest limitation — 30 data points
| Number of years allowed under carry forward/back. · Regime 1 | The exceeding borrowing costs that can not be deducted in the tax calculation period shall be carried over, without any time limit, to the next fiscal years under the same conditions of deduction |
| Do any loss carry-back or carry-forward provisions apply? · Regime 1 | Yes |
| Do any loss carry-back or carry-forward provisions apply? · Rule 1 | Yes |
| Is a de minimis threshold present? · Regime 1 | The amount of 1,000,000 euros or the equivalent in lei of the amount of 500,000 euros, as appropriate. |
| Is a de minimis threshold present? · Rule 1 | the equivalent in RON of the amount of 1,000,000 EUR or 30% of the base computation, where the base is (income - expenses + excess borrowing costs + tax depreciation amounts) The taxpayer has the right to deduct, in a tax period, the excess costs of indebtedness up to the deductible ceiling of the RON equivalent of ?1,000,000. Excess borrowing costs resulting from transactions/operations whi… |
| Any other exclusions? · Regime 1 | Yes |
| Exclusions based on payer characteristics? · Regime 1 | Yes |
| Exclusions based on payment characteristics? · Regime 1 | No |
| Exclusions based on recipient characteristics? · Regime 1 | No |
| Financial accounting measure applied to rule · Regime 1 | The difference between the exceeding borrowing costs, as defined in Article 40^1 and the deductible ceiling shall be deducted limitedly in the fiscal period during which they are incurred, up to 30% of the calculation basis established under the algorithm provided by the law. |
| Financial accounting measure applied to rule · Rule 1 | Interest-to-EBITDA |
| Is there a group ratio rule or similar type of rule in place? · Regime 1 | No |
| Is there a group ratio rule or similar type of rule in place? · Rule 1 | No |
| Is there an interest limitation rule in place? · Regime 1 | Yes |
| Is there an interest limitation rule in place? · Rule 1 | Yes |
| Can interest be recharacterised as a dividend? · Regime 1 | No |
| Is the rule is applicable to net or gross interest expensing? · Regime 1 | Net interest, respectively exceeding borrowing costs - means the amount by which the borrowing costs of a taxpayer exceed the interest incomes and other economically equivalent incomes that the taxpayer receives. |
| Is the rule is applicable to net or gross interest expensing? · Rule 1 | Net interest expense |
| Other mechanisms for providing taxpayers with relief where the MNE group has high levels of third party interest expense. · Regime 1 | We have no other mechanisms applicable to a group. |
| Is the rule applicable to related party debt? · Regime 1 | Yes |
| Is the rule applicable to related party debt? · Rule 1 | Yes |
| Description of interest limitation rule · Regime 1 | The taxpayer has the right to deduct, in a fiscal period, the excess costs of indebtedness up to the deductible ceiling represented by the equivalent in lei of the amount of 1,000,000 euros. The excess costs of indebtedness resulting from transactions/operations that do not finance the acquisition/production of fixed assets under construction/fixed assets according to art. 18^1 par. (3) and (12), … |
| Type of interest limitation rule · Regime 1 | interest-to-EBITDA; deductible ceiling represented by the ROL equivalent of EUR |
| Type of interest limitation rule · Rule 1 | Earnings stripping |
| Financial ratio referenced · Regime 1 | - |
| Financial ratio referenced · Rule 1 | 0.3 |
| Is the rule is applicable to third party debt? · Regime 1 | Yes |
| Is the rule is applicable to third party debt? · Rule 1 | Yes |
| Are there targeted rules to address specific risks not addressed by the general rule? · Regime 1 | No |
| Are there targeted rules to address specific risks not addressed by the general rule? · Rule 1 | No |
Country-by-country reporting — 4 data points
| Is there a country-by-country reporting law in place? | Yes |
| Deadline by which filings must be submitted | 12 months |
| Reports are required for MNEs with annual revenues above | EUR 750 million |
| Headquarter jurisidiction filing required from | 01-Jan-16 |
Effective corporate tax rates
| Measure | Year | Rate |
|---|---|---|
| Capital allowances · Percentage of initial investment · Baseline · Country-specific interest and inflation rates · Acquired software · Not applicable | 2025 | 15.3% |
| Capital allowances · Percentage of initial investment · Baseline · Country-specific interest and inflation rates · Buildings · Not applicable | 2025 | 10.8% |
| Capital allowances · Percentage of initial investment · Baseline · Country-specific interest and inflation rates · Tangibles · Not applicable | 2025 | 15.1% |
| Capital allowances · Percentage of initial investment · Baseline · Fixed interest and inflation rates · Acquired software · Not applicable | 2025 | 15.1% |
| Capital allowances · Percentage of initial investment · Baseline · Fixed interest and inflation rates · Buildings · Not applicable | 2025 | 9.2% |
| Capital allowances · Percentage of initial investment · Baseline · Fixed interest and inflation rates · Tangibles · Not applicable | 2025 | 14.7% |
| Effective average tax rate · Percentage of taxable income · Baseline · Country-specific interest and inflation rates · Acquired software · Not applicable | 2025 | 13.1% |
| Effective average tax rate · Percentage of taxable income · Baseline · Country-specific interest and inflation rates · Composite · Not applicable | 2025 | 13.0% |
| Effective average tax rate · Percentage of taxable income · Baseline · Country-specific interest and inflation rates · Inventories · Not applicable | 2025 | 13.4% |
| Effective average tax rate · Percentage of taxable income · Baseline · Country-specific interest and inflation rates · Buildings · Not applicable | 2025 | 13.1% |
| Effective average tax rate · Percentage of taxable income · Baseline · Country-specific interest and inflation rates · Tangibles · Not applicable | 2025 | 12.5% |
| Effective average tax rate · Percentage of taxable income · Baseline · Fixed interest and inflation rates · Acquired software · Not applicable | 2025 | 14.5% |
| Effective average tax rate · Percentage of taxable income · Baseline · Fixed interest and inflation rates · Composite · Not applicable | 2025 | 14.4% |
| Effective average tax rate · Percentage of taxable income · Baseline · Fixed interest and inflation rates · Inventories · Not applicable | 2025 | 14.9% |
| Effective average tax rate · Percentage of taxable income · Baseline · Fixed interest and inflation rates · Buildings · Not applicable | 2025 | 14.6% |
| Effective average tax rate · Percentage of taxable income · Baseline · Fixed interest and inflation rates · Tangibles · Not applicable | 2025 | 13.7% |
| Effective marginal tax rate · Percentage of taxable income · Baseline · Country-specific interest and inflation rates · Acquired software · Not applicable | 2025 | -14.2% |
| Effective marginal tax rate · Percentage of taxable income · Baseline · Country-specific interest and inflation rates · Composite · Not applicable | 2025 | -15.0% |
| Effective marginal tax rate · Percentage of taxable income · Baseline · Country-specific interest and inflation rates · Inventories · Not applicable | 2025 | -10.9% |
| Effective marginal tax rate · Percentage of taxable income · Baseline · Country-specific interest and inflation rates · Buildings · Not applicable | 2025 | -13.9% |
| Effective marginal tax rate · Percentage of taxable income · Baseline · Country-specific interest and inflation rates · Tangibles · Not applicable | 2025 | -20.8% |
| Effective marginal tax rate · Percentage of taxable income · Baseline · Fixed interest and inflation rates · Acquired software · Not applicable | 2025 | 7.0% |
| Effective marginal tax rate · Percentage of taxable income · Baseline · Fixed interest and inflation rates · Composite · Not applicable | 2025 | 6.4% |
| Effective marginal tax rate · Percentage of taxable income · Baseline · Fixed interest and inflation rates · Inventories · Not applicable | 2025 | 10.2% |
| Effective marginal tax rate · Percentage of taxable income · Baseline · Fixed interest and inflation rates · Buildings · Not applicable | 2025 | 8.0% |
| Effective marginal tax rate · Percentage of taxable income · Baseline · Fixed interest and inflation rates · Tangibles · Not applicable | 2025 | 0.6% |
| Cost of capital · Percentage of investment · Baseline · Country-specific interest and inflation rates · Acquired software · Not applicable | 2025 | 1.8% |
| Cost of capital · Percentage of investment · Baseline · Country-specific interest and inflation rates · Composite · Not applicable | 2025 | 1.8% |
| Cost of capital · Percentage of investment · Baseline · Country-specific interest and inflation rates · Inventories · Not applicable | 2025 | 1.9% |
| Cost of capital · Percentage of investment · Baseline · Country-specific interest and inflation rates · Buildings · Not applicable | 2025 | 1.8% |
| Cost of capital · Percentage of investment · Baseline · Country-specific interest and inflation rates · Tangibles · Not applicable | 2025 | 1.7% |
| Cost of capital · Percentage of investment · Baseline · Fixed interest and inflation rates · Acquired software · Not applicable | 2025 | 3.2% |
| Cost of capital · Percentage of investment · Baseline · Fixed interest and inflation rates · Composite · Not applicable | 2025 | 3.2% |
| Cost of capital · Percentage of investment · Baseline · Fixed interest and inflation rates · Inventories · Not applicable | 2025 | 3.3% |
| Cost of capital · Percentage of investment · Baseline · Fixed interest and inflation rates · Buildings · Not applicable | 2025 | 3.2% |
| Cost of capital · Percentage of investment · Baseline · Fixed interest and inflation rates · Tangibles · Not applicable | 2025 | 3.0% |
OECD Corporate Tax Statistics, baseline scenario.
Administration self-reported metrics (ISORA)
Reported by the administration itself to the IMF/OECD/CIAT/IOTA International Survey on Revenue Administration. 1 = yes, 0 = no for policy questions.
| Indicator | Year | Value |
|---|---|---|
| Percentage of tax returns - Electronic, not prefilled - CIT | 2024 | 99.19647389335252 |
| Percentage of tax returns - Electronic, not prefilled - PIT | 2024 | 66.2271420151813 |
| Percentage of tax returns - Electronic, not prefilled - VAT | 2024 | 99.83074300849847 |
| Population per FTE | 2024 | 983.8775046478 |
| Labor force per FTE | 2024 | 426.3276182606899 |
| Corporate taxpayers per FTE in LTO/P | 2024 | 3.963788300835655 |
| Active taxpayers on PIT register as percentage of Population | 2024 | 67.62126043287029 |
| Active taxpayers on PIT register as percentage of Labor Force | 2024 | 156.0561270866322 |
| Closing stock of collectable arrears as percentage of closing stock of arrears | 2024 | 29.02397251403715 |
| CIT arrears as percentage of CIT collected | 2024 | 47.500287533458 |
| PIT arrears as percentage of PIT collected | 2024 | 13.21182696028675 |
| PAYE arrears as percentage of PIT collected | 2024 | 65.52166003921037 |
| VAT arrears as percentage of VAT collected | 2024 | 39.75320820649995 |
| Percentage of tax returns - Electronic, fully pre-filled deemed acceptance - CIT | 2021 | 0 |
| Percentage of tax returns - Electronic, fully pre-filled confirmation required - CIT | 2021 | 0 |
| Percentage of tax returns - Electronic, partially pre-filled with income and/or expense information - CIT | 2021 | 0 |
| Percentage of tax returns - Electronic, fully pre-filled deemed acceptance - PIT | 2021 | 0 |
| Percentage of tax returns - Electronic, fully pre-filled confirmation required - PIT | 2021 | 0 |
| Percentage of tax returns - Electronic, partially pre-filled with income and/or expense information - PIT | 2021 | 0 |
| Percentage of tax returns - Electronic, fully pre-filled deemed acceptance - VAT | 2021 | 0 |
| Percentage of tax returns - Electronic, fully pre-filled confirmation required - VAT | 2021 | 0 |
| Percentage of tax returns - Electronic, partially pre-filled with income and/or expense information - VAT | 2021 | 0 |
| Additional assessments raised through all audits and verification actions as percentage of tax collections | 2024 | 1.149649698106147 |
| Audit hit rate | 2024 | 73.70219538454337 |
| Percentage of tax returns - Electronic, not prefilled - PAYE | 2024 | 99.8087389942178 |
| Percentage of tax returns - Electronic, prefilled, modified by taxpayer - CIT | 2024 | 0 |
| Percentage of tax returns - Electronic, prefilled, not modified by taxpayer - CIT | 2024 | 0 |
| Percentage of tax returns - Electronic, prefilled, modified by taxpayer - PIT | 2024 | 0 |
| Percentage of tax returns - Electronic, prefilled not modified by taxpayer - PIT | 2024 | 0 |
| Percentage of tax returns - Electronic, prefilled, modified by taxpayer - PAYE | 2024 | 0 |
| Percentage of tax returns - Electronic, prefilled not modified by taxpayer - PAYE | 2024 | 0 |
| Percentage of tax returns - Electronic, prefilled, modified by taxpayer - VAT | 2024 | 0 |
| Percentage of tax returns - Electronic, prefilled not modified by taxpayer - VAT | 2024 | 0 |
| Percentage of tax returns - Electronic, prefilled Total - CIT | 2024 | 0 |
| Percentage of tax returns - Electronic, prefilled Total - PIT | 2024 | 0 |
| Percentage of tax returns - Electronic, prefilled Total - PAYE | 2024 | 0 |
| Percentage of tax returns - Electronic, prefilled Total - VAT | 2024 | 0 |
| Availability of specific powers in legislation / regulation to assist in collecting tax arrears | 2022 | 1 |
| Administrative sanctions for taxpayer non-disclosure - Common administrative penalty framework for non-disclosure across the major tax types | 2022 | 1 |
| Administrative sanctions for taxpayer non-disclosure - Penalties imposed generally take account of taxpayers' culpability (i.e. degree of blame) | 2022 | 1 |
| Administrative sanctions for taxpayer non-disclosure - Administration is empowered to remit / reduce penalties in appropriate circumstances | 2022 | 0 |
| Administrative sanctions for taxpayer non-disclosure - Administration is empowered to make public details of some / all taxpayers subject to administrative penalties imposed for non-disclosure | 2022 | 0 |
| On-time filing rate % - CIT | 2024 | 88.86597830292176 |
| On-time filing rate % - PIT | 2024 | 182.5834032743979 |
| On-time filing rate % - VAT | 2024 | 92.053881815882 |
| On-time filing rate % - PAYE | 2024 | 95.61584885072101 |
| Administration pre-fills PIT returns or assessments | 2024 | 0 |
| Categories of third party information used to pre-fill PIT returns or assessments-Income information: Other income | 2021 | 1 |
| Categories of third party information used to pre-fill PIT returns or assessments-Taxpayer personal information | 2023 | 1 |
| Administration conducts random audits | 2022 | 0 |
| E-filing mandatory - CIT | 2022 | 1 |
| E-filing mandatory - PIT | 2022 | 1 |
| E-filing mandatory - Employer Withholdings | 2022 | 1 |
| E-filing mandatory - VAT | 2022 | 1 |
| E-payment mandatory - CIT | 2022 | 0 |
| E-payment mandatory - PIT | 2022 | 0 |
| E-payment mandatory - Employer Withholdings | 2022 | 0 |
| E-payment mandatory - VAT | 2022 | 0 |
| Employers withholding taxes on behalf of salaried employees | 2024 | 1 |
| Percentage of payments received electronically-By number of payments | 2024 | 82.02 |
| Percentage of payments received electronically-By value of payments | 2024 | 98.58 |
| Cooperative compliance approach exists for -Large taxpayers | 2024 | 1 |
| Cooperative compliance approach exists for -HNWI taxpayers | 2024 | 1 |
| Cooperative compliance approach exists for -Other taxpayers | 2024 | 1 |
| Most employees that have tax deducted through direct withholding required to file a return | 2024 | 0 |
| Administration receives data from devices that register transactions | 2024 | 1 |
| Administration uses electronic compliance checks as part of returns filing process | 2024 | 1 |
| Administration has specialized audit staff for international tax issues | 2022 | 1 |
| Administration has systems for importing, storing and managing third-party data - Customs data | 2022 | 1 |
| Administration has systems for importing, storing and managing third-party data - Data from stock exchanges | 2022 | 1 |
| Administration has systems for importing, storing and managing third-party data - Data from the Social Security Agency | 2022 | 1 |
| Administration has systems for importing, storing and managing third-party data - Data from online (internet-based) vendors | 2022 | 1 |
| Administration has systems for importing, storing and managing third-party data - Data from Utilities | 2022 | 0 |
| Administration checks the quality of data reported by third parties on a systematic basis | 2022 | 0 |
| Administration has systems for importing, storing and managing third-party data - Data on property ownership and sales | 2022 | 1 |
| Administration undertakes fully automated compliance checks based on data matching/analysis | 2022 | 0 |
| Administration measures the effectiveness of any compliance interventions undertaken | 2022 | 1 |
| Administration has standards for auditor productivity | 2022 | 1 |
Tax technology survey answers (OECD ITTI)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Value added tax returns are automatically prefilled with information on sales transactions (and output VAT) | Yes |
| Value added tax returns are automatically prefilled with information on purchase transactions (and input VAT) | Yes |
| Administration requires individuals to use an approved digital identity to access secure digital services | Yes |
| Administration requires businesses to use an approved digital identity to access secure digital services | Yes |
| Administration automatically prefills personal income tax returns with data that it has collected | No |
| Administration automatically prefills corporate income tax returns with data that it has collected | No |
| Administration automatically prefills value added tax returns with data that it has collected | Yes |
| For certain value added taxpayers, the administration prefills tax returns with all necessary data so that they do not need to change the return | No |
| Digital identities provided for individuals are interoperable (if several bodies can provide a digital identity) | No |
| Approved digital identity offered by the administration for individuals can also be used to access secure digital services from another government body | No |
| Approved digital identity offered by the administration for individuals can also be used to access secure digital services from a private sector body | No |
| Estimated percentage of the individual taxpayer population that uses an approved digital identity to access secure digital services offered by the administration | 21-40% |
| Estimated percentage of the business taxpayer population that uses an approved digital identity to access secure digital services offered by the administration | 81-100% |
| Online marketplaces (incl. sharing and gig economy) | No |
| Other online platforms, e.g. stock trading, currencies (incl. crypto). | No |
| Taxpayer accounting systems | No |
| E-invoicing systems | Yes |
| Online cash registers | Yes |
| Other government entities | No |
| Private entities such as banks and insurance companies | No |
| Other jurisdictions (beyond data received under CRS, FATCA and DAC) | No |
| Administration has a comprehensive data management strategy | No |
| Administration assesses data quality of reported data | Yes |
| Administration has in place a data ethics framework | Yes |
| Administration controls user data access and security | Yes |
| Administration automatically detects unauthorised access | Yes |
| Administration employs a Data Privacy Officer | No |
| Administration has a cyber security unit | Yes |
| Administration hires external parties to test the security of its systems | No |
| Administration uses artificial intelligence as part of the data governance process | No |
| Administration has big data capabilities with the necessary people, skills and infrastructure | No |
| Administration uses an enterprise-wide Business Intelligence and Visualisation tool | Yes |
| Administration uses analytics for real-time tax fraud detection and prevention | No |
| Underlying digital identity solution for individuals is built upon an existing domestic identity system or completely new | Existing domestic identity system |
| Underlying digital identity solution for businesses is built upon an existing domestic identity system or completely new | Existing domestic identity system |
| Cloud storage | No |
| Robotic process automation | No |
| Artificial intelligence | No |
| Machine learning | No |
| Network analysis | No |
| DataOps approach | No |
| Industry, international or other framework was adopted for the development of the digital identity solution for individuals | Yes, for the whole digital identity solution |
| Industry, international or other framework was adopted for the development of the digital identity solution for businesses | Yes, for the whole digital identity solution |
| Digital identity solution for individuals can connect with foreign identity systems | No |
| Digital identity solution for businesses can connect with foreign identity systems | No |
| Digital identity for individuals created automatically or on request | On request |
| Digital identity for businesses created automatically or on request | On request |
| Meeting needed to finalise the process of receiving a digital identity for individuals | Sometimes |
| Meeting needed to finalise the process of receiving a digital identity for businesses | Sometimes |
| Individuals without ID-documents or birth certificates can receive a digital identity for the use of tax purpose | No |
| Authentication method applied to verify the digital identity when used online | Yes |
| Use of emerging and innovative technologies or solutions with respect to the main digital identity used by taxpayers | No |
| Administration offers online service for registering for tax (CIT) | Yes |
| Administration offers online service for registering for tax (PIT) | Yes |
| Administration offers online service for registering for tax (VAT) | Yes |
| Administration offers online service for filing tax returns (CIT) | Yes |
| Administration offers online service for filing tax returns (PIT) | Yes |
| Administration offers online service for filing tax returns (VAT) | Yes |
| Administration offers online service for making tax payments (CIT) | Yes |
| Administration offers online service for making tax payments (PIT) | Yes |
| Administration offers online service for making tax payments (VAT) | Yes |
| Administration offers online service for requesting extensions of deadlines (filing and payment) (CIT) | No |
| Administration offers online service for requesting extensions of deadlines (filing and payment) (PIT) | No |
| Administration offers online service for requesting extensions of deadlines (filing and payment) (VAT) | No |
| Administration offers online service for asking for tax payment arrangements (CIT) | Yes |
| Administration offers online service for asking for tax payment arrangements (PIT) | Yes |
| Administration offers online service for asking for tax payment arrangements (VAT) | Yes |
| Administration offers online service for asking confidential enquiries in a secure environment (CIT) | Yes |
| Administration offers online service for asking confidential enquiries in a secure environment (PIT) | Yes |
| Administration offers online service for asking confidential enquiries in a secure environment (VAT) | Yes |
| Administration offers online service for filing tax related objections (CIT) | Yes |
| Administration offers online service for filing tax related objections (PIT) | Yes |
| Administration offers online service for filing tax related objections (VAT) | Yes |
| Administration offers online service for dealing with correspondence (CIT) | Yes |
| Administration offers online service for dealing with correspondence (PIT) | Yes |
| Administration offers online service for dealing with correspondence (VAT) | Yes |
| Administration offers online service for uploading data into the tax administration's system (CIT) | Yes |
| Administration offers online service for uploading data into the tax administration's system (PIT) | Yes |
| Administration offers online service for uploading data into the tax administration's system (VAT) | Yes |
| Administration offers specific approaches to those that do not have online access | Yes |
| Administration offers facility for taxpayers to interact with virtual assistants, such as chatbots | No |
| Administration uses artificial intelligence during interactions with taxpayers (other than virtual assistants) | No |
| Administration offers services that follow a set of pre-programmed and automated service responses during interactions with taxpayers (other than virtual assistants) | Yes |
| Administration makes a library of APIs publicly available for third party use | Yes |
| Administration has an enterprise data management (governance) system that allows taxpayer information be viewed across the administration | Yes |
| Administration uses big data for analytical purposes | No |
| Administration uses artificial intelligence | No |
| Administration uses Distributed Ledger Technology, e.g. blockchain, in its taxation processes | No |